**Interview with Arthur Eriye on Nigeria’s Rising Food Costs and Dietary Challenges**
**Interviewer**: Arthur, recent reports reveal that more and more Nigerians are having difficulty maintaining a balanced diet due to escalating food prices. Can you shed some light on this issue?
**Arthur Eriye**: Certainly. The reality is concerning; by August 2024, the average cost of a healthy meal had climbed to N1,255 per adult. This poses a significant challenge for many, especially considering that Nigeria is grappling with a staggering food inflation rate of 32.15 percent, as reported by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
**Interviewer**: That’s quite alarming. It seems that higher food prices are making it increasingly difficult for the average Nigerian to access healthy food options.
**Arthur Eriye**: That’s correct. We’re witnessing some of the highest food inflation levels in Nigeria’s history. However, it’s worth noting a slight decrease of 0.8 percent in healthy meal costs in August compared to July, from N1,265 to N1,255. While this provides a minor reprieve, it doesn’t significantly alleviate the ongoing struggles faced by many families.
**Interviewer**: How does the NBS determine the cost of a healthy diet?
**Arthur Eriye**: The NBS defines this cost as the lowest combination of locally available food items that comply with globally recognized dietary guidelines. Essentially, it serves as a gauge for both physical and economic access to nutritious foods. Importantly, this figure doesn’t include expenses related to transportation and meal preparation.
**Interviewer**: Can you discuss the differences in healthy meal costs across various regions in Nigeria?
**Arthur Eriye**: Absolutely. In August, the South-West region recorded the highest average cost for a healthy meal at N1,554 per adult per day, with the South-South not far behind at N1,381. Conversely, the North-West had the lowest average, at N1,014. Specifically, states like Ogun, Lagos, and Rivers faced the steepest costs, whereas Katsina had the lowest.
**Interviewer**: How have these costs evolved over time?
**Arthur Eriye**: The NBS has documented a consistent increase in the cost of maintaining a healthy diet over the last six months, with prices in August 2024 indicating a 28 percent rise compared to March 2024. This surge has primarily been driven by increased prices for legumes, nuts, seeds, starchy staples, and vegetables. Although we saw a slight monthly dip in August, it hasn’t done much to offset the overall upward trend.
**Interviewer**: In your opinion, which food groups are the most impacted by these price hikes?
**Arthur Eriye**: Interestingly, animal-source foods have become the priciest category, accounting for 37 percent of the total cost of a healthy diet while contributing only 13 percent of the total calories. Fruits and vegetables also significantly impact costs, representing 11 percent and 14 percent of the total cost, respectively, but contributing just seven and five percent to overall calorie intake.
**Interviewer**: How does the cost of a healthy diet measure against general inflation and food inflation rates?
**Arthur Eriye**: The cost of a healthy diet is increasing at a rate that exceeds both general inflation and food inflation. However, it’s essential to recognize that the per adult per day cost of a healthy diet is not directly comparable to the broader food Consumer Price Index, which utilizes a weighted index approach and encompasses a wider variety of items.
**Interviewer**: There are distressing estimates from the UN’s FAO regarding food insecurity in Nigeria. What’s your take on that?
**Arthur Eriye**: Yes, the FAO has recently stated that approximately 26.5 million Nigerians, especially in areas like Borno, Sokoto, Zamfara, and the Federal Capital Territory, are likely to face a food crisis between June and August. This, combined with insights from the International Monetary Fund—which emphasizes the adverse effects of insufficient reforms, security issues, sluggish growth, and high inflation—paints a bleak picture of the ongoing food insecurity crisis in Nigeria.